Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Faculty member at Kunduz Universuty,, Afghanistan
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language & Literature, Faculty of Literature & Humanities, Imam Khomeini International university, Qazvin, Iran
Abstract
Contemporary Afghan poets, alongside addressing political, social, ethical, and national themes, have also paid significant attention to mysticism and Sufism in their poetry. The concepts of "Unity of Being" and "Unity of Witnessing," due to their special status in theoretical and practical mysticism particularly after the emergence of Ibn Arabi have become prominent themes among Afghan mystical poets. Mystical and romantic notions, particularly these two concepts, form the central themes in the poetry of Khalifa Mohammad Mahma Ghaznavi, Mastan Shah Kabuli, and Gholam Haydar Haydari Wujoodi, three renowned contemporary mystic poets of Afghanistan. This study, employing a descriptive-analytical method, examines and analyzes poetic evidence related to the themes of Unity of Being and Unity of Witnessing in the collected works of these three poets. The findings reveal that Mahma Ghaznavi uses various expressions and metaphors to describe both Unity of Being and Unity of Witnessing, treating them as synonymous and perceiving Unity of Witnessing as the tangible manifestation of Unity of Being. Mastan Shah Kabuli, however, distinguishes between the two, presenting Unity of Being as the principle and Unity of Witnessing as its derivative. He asserts that the knowledge and vision of the Divine are possible only through these two pathways. Haydari Wujoodi, employing symbolic language particularly analogical metaphors also discusses these themes. Like Mastan Shah, he considers that understanding and perceiving the Divine are achievable solely through existential knowledge and intuitive awareness.
Keywords
)