Document Type : Original Article
Author
Researcher in Sufism
Abstract
Abū Muhammad Al- Murta`esh is one of the famous Sufis of the 3rd and 4th centuries of Hijri. He was a peasant born from the people of Neyshābūr, who after repenting and turning to an ascetic life, was educated by the great sheikhs of the Malamatis and the school of Baghdad, namely Abū Hafṣ Haddād (d. 270/881), Abū ʿUthmān al-Ḥīrī (d. 298/910) and Al-Junayd al-Baghdādī (d. 298/910). His influence from both schools is fully visible in his words, method and character. Like other Malamatis, he emphasized a lot on humiliating the self, avoiding hypocrisy, and hiding virtues, and like the sobrieties (Ahle al-Sahv), he advised a lot on obeying the rules of Shari'ah, and he didn't like Samā (mystic singing and dancing) and šaṭḥiyyāt (ecstatic statements). He struggled hard in treating path (sulūk) and considered poverty (Faqr) as the basis of Sufi conduct. According to him, the mystical stages (Maqāmāt) are: patience (Sabr), sincerity (Ikhlāṣ), love, poverty and monotheism (Tawḥīd). He died at 328/939 in Shaunizia, Baghdad, and was buried there. Many Sufis have company with him, but only Abū Naṣr al-Sarrāj (d. 378/988) has been mentioned as a disciple of his cloak, which does not seem accurate. In this qualitative research, the data related to him gathered from hagiographies, mystical works and historical books and analyzed with the approach of content analysis and using the Clark and Barwan method.
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